To achieve self-actualization, which of the following must be fulfilled first according to Maslow?

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization is the highest level and represents the realization of a person's potential and self-fulfillment. For an individual to progress to self-actualization, it is essential that the foundational levels of needs are satisfied first.

Physiological needs include basic requirements for human survival, such as food, water, warmth, and rest. Safety needs encompass the desire for security, stability, and protection from harm. According to Maslow's theory, these needs must be met before individuals can focus on higher-level needs, such as social connections, self-esteem, and ultimately, self-actualization.

Once physiological and safety needs are adequately fulfilled, individuals can then pursue social needs, such as forming relationships and gaining acceptance, followed by esteem needs, which involve self-respect and recognition from others. Only after these earlier levels are satisfied can one effectively pursue self-actualization, which involves personal growth, creativity, and the need to achieve one’s fullest potential.

This structured approach demonstrates the importance of fulfilling basic needs as a prerequisite for achieving higher psychological goals.